Exploring Sensor Network Communication Strategies with the Mote-in-the-Loop Approach

WISENET (NES

A Mote-in-the-Loop Approach for Exploring Communication Strategies for Sensor Networks

Sensor networks are being deployed in a range of different environments, such as industry plants, rainforests and offices. Each environment has its own characteristics and the appropriate communication strategy will differ accordingly – packet sizes, retransmission schemes, error correcting codes, etc. It is, however, difficult to investigate th

A Mote-in-the-Loop Approach for Exploring Communication Strategies for Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a number of electronic devices called sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, computation and wireless communication. The variable properties of wireless communication links make robust and fault-tolerance sensor communication an interesting topic. In radio (wireless) communication, channel quality and interference level are two of the important factors for effective performance, they will affect handling of errors, choosing routes, etc. Therefore, making protocols and transmission techniques that efficiently cope with different channels and interferences is essential. Generally, network simulation and real deployment are the two main ways to test and evaluate techniques and protocols in radio communication. The network simulation, which uses theoretical models and computer simulation to model real world network, is usually used as an effective first step. However the models it rests on are often simple, and sometimes far away from the real network. On the contrary, the real deployment, which uses real hardware and real environment, is generally very good as final test. But it is time consuming, and difficult or sometimes impossible to reproduce. In this report, we introduce a new approach, which can overcome some of the disadvantages in traditional simuation and real world experiment. Our approach combines measured channels and interferences, and with real sensor node radio hardware to do the testing. It is therefore much more realistic than the traditional simulation, while it retains the repeatability of simulations and a fair level of flexibility. The advantage over the real world experiment is that once we have obtained the real channels from different environments, we can test different techniques in the lab, and thus save lots of time. The very good agreement between the data from our approach and the theoretical curve indicates this mote-in-the-loop approach is feasible. Moreover, based on the similar tendency between results from our approach and results from a real experiment, our approach shows one more advantage in addition to those mentioned in above paragraph: one can analyze the cause of certain behavior in detail afterwards. For instance, the reason for the flat parts in the packet error rate curves for microwave oven interference would have been very hard to find without access to the recorded sequences. Keywords: wireless sensor network, simulation, fading, microwave interferenc

Exploring Sensor Network Communication Strategies with the Mote-in-the-Loop Approach

WISENET (NES

A Mote-in-the-Loop Approach for Exploring Communication Strategies for Sensor Networks

WISENET (NES

Multi-Agent Modeling and Jamming-Aware Routing Protocols for Movable-Jammer-Affected WSNs

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in various fields, and the reliability and performance of WSNs are critical for their applications. However, WSNs are vulnerable to jamming attacks, and the impact of movable jammers on WSNs’ reliability and performance remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of movable jammers on WSNs and propose a comprehensive approach for modeling jammer-affected WSNs, comprising four parts. Firstly, agent-based modeling of sensor nodes, base stations, and jammers has been proposed. Secondly, a jamming-aware routing protocol (JRP) has been proposed to enable sensor nodes to weigh depth and jamming values when selecting relay nodes, thereby bypassing areas affected by jamming. The third and fourth parts involve simulation processes and parameter design for simulations. The simulation results show that the mobility of the jammer significantly affects WSNs’ reliability and performance, and JRP effectively bypasses jammed areas and maintains network connectivity. Furthermore, the number and deployment location of jammers has a significant impact on WSNs’ reliability and performance. These findings provide insights into the design of reliable and efficient WSNs under jamming attacks

A Novel Multi-Agent Model for Robustness with Component Failure and Malware Propagation in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a group of sensors connected with a wireless communications infrastructure designed to monitor and send collected data to the primary server. The WSN is the cornerstone of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. Robustness is an essential characteristic of WSN that enables reliable functionalities to end customers. However, existing approaches primarily focus on component reliability and malware propagation, while the robustness and security of cascading failures between the physical domain and the information domain are usually ignored. This paper proposes a cross-domain agent-based model to analyze the connectivity robustness of a system in the malware propagation process. The agent characteristics and transition rules are also described in detail. To verify the practicality of the model, three scenarios based on different network topologies are proposed. Finally, the robustness of the scenarios and the topologies are discussed

China’s First Demonstration of Cobalt-rich Manganese Crust Thickness Measurement in the Western Pacific with a Parametric Acoustic Probe

Cobalt-rich manganese crusts (CRCs) are important as a potential mineral source that could occur throughout the Pacific on seamounts, ridges, and plateaus. We built a prototype parametric acoustic probe to complete the task of in-situ thickness measurements to estimate the volumetric distribution of deep-sea mineral. The prototype is designed with dual-channels for receiving the primary and secondary signal, which lays a foundation for improving the thickness extraction algorithm. Considering that the signal quality is degraded by the system interference and ambient noise, some improvements to the algorithm are proposed by including the wavelet-based envelope extraction method and the adaptive estimation strategy based on the dual-channel information. Additionally, wavelet regression is applied to reduce the measuring noise assuming that the CRCs have local thickness invariability. The algorithm is suitable for the CRCs with the structure of the multilayers at the top surface and one single layer at the bottom surface. A laboratory experiment is performed to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experiments carried out on the China Ocean 51th voyage in the Western Pacific Ocean on Aug 30, 2018, are described and the data obtained by using the sit-on-bottom stationary measurement are processed to validate the design of the prototype